27 Centre for Economics and Business Research 5.2. Household impacts This section puts costs into context on a per-household basis. 40 These figures are summarised in Table 2. Summing all costs results in an estimated cost per household of £14,700; rising to £19,100 when considering only those households that own a car. Using undiscounted figures gives an impact of £27,400 per household – nearly £1,000 per year between now and 2050. Table 2: Summary of impacts per household Discounted Undiscounted All households 2022-2050 £14,743 £27,435 Per year £527 £980 Car-owning households only 2022-2050 £19,147 £35,630 Per year £684 £1,272 The discounted per-household impacts (i.e., equivalent to the £14,700 above) for 2022-2030 and 2022-2040 are £2,000 and £7,700 respectively. For car-owning households only they are £2,5000 and £10,000. This reflects that total costs per household increase progressively throughout the period. 5.3. Van user impacts Focusing on LGV users, we reach the figures shown in Table 3, which gives present value impacts per van owner (i.e., per van). Total estimated impact is a net cost of approximately £20,600 per vehicle owner. Table 3: LGV impacts, 2022-2050 present value (£Bn) New vehicle costs Fuel costs Time costs Tax impacts -14791.9 2034.3 -2833.7 -4958.2 40 Not all costs are borne directly by households – for instance, most of the costs relating to LGVs and HGVS (and a significant proportion of those relating to cars and motorbikes) will be most immediately faced by businesses, and significant infrastructure costs are incurred by government. Ultimately, however, all costs will be passed onto households, e.g., in the form of lower profits, lower wages, or higher taxation. Moreover, these calculations focus on the cost side of the equation only – i.e., CO2e from vehicle manufacture, time spent refuelling/recharging, fuel (resource cost only), new vehicle costs, infrastructure investment costs.
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